UKs Johnson warns of doomsday as global climate summit begins

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British Prime Minister Boris Johnson opened the global climate summit known as COP26 Monday, saying the world is strapped to a "doomsday device."

Johnson likened an ever-warming Earth's position to that of fictional secret agent James Bond â€" strapped to a bomb that will destroy the planet and trying to work out how to defuse it.

He told leaders that "we are in roughly the same position" â€" only now the "ticking doomsday device" is real and not fiction. The threat is climate change triggered by the burning of coal, oil and natural gas, and he pointed out that it all started in Glasgow with James Watt's steam engine powered by coal.

He was kicking off the world leaders' summit portion of the Conference of Parties (COP), as it's known, which meets every year and is the global decision-making body set up to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in the early 1990s, and subsequent climate agreements.

The conference is aimed at getting agreement to curb carbon emissions fast enough to keep global warming to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels. The world has already warmed 1.1 C. Current projections based on planned emissions cuts over the next decade are for it to hit 2.7 C by the year 2100.

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Johnson told the summit â€" which was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic â€" that humanity had run down the clock when it comes to climate change, and the time for action is now. He pointed out that the more than 130 world leaders who gathered had an average age of older than 60, while the generations most harmed by climate change aren't yet born.

Johnson called for the end of coal-fired power plants and gasoline-powered cars along with a huge influx of cash from rich countries to poor to help them switch to greener economies and adapt to the worsening climate impacts.

'We are digging our own graves'

Britain's leader struck a gloomy note on the eve of the conference, after leaders from the Group of 20 major economies made only modest climate commitments at their summit in Rome this weekend.

And that mood got only darker when United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres followed him.

"We are digging our own graves," Guterres said. "Our planet is changing before our eyes â€" from the ocean depths to mountaintops, from melting glaciers to relentless extreme weather events."

Johnson and United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres, right, greet Honduras's President Juan Orlando Hernandez at the conference on Monday. (Alastair Grant/Reuters)

For its part, Canada will impose a hard cap on emissions from the oil and gas sector, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said, as he called on other resource-rich countries to dramatically curb their own emissions.

"The science is clear â€" we must do more, faster," he said during his two-minute speech at the summit.

U.S. President Joe Biden struck a similar tone, saying that "every day we delay, the cost of inaction increases." He also apologized for his predecessor's temporarily pulling the U.S. out of the historic 2015 Paris Agreement, something he said put the country behind in its efforts.

French President Emmanuel Macron, in addition to coaxing big carbon-polluting nations to promise more stringent emission cuts, said European nations now have to shift from promises to action.

The speeches from leaders will continue through Tuesday.

The idea is that they will do the big political give-and-take, setting out broad outlines of agreement, and then have other government officials hammer out the nagging but crucial details. That's what worked to make the historic 2015 Paris climate deal a success, former UN climate secretary Christiana Figueres told The Associated Press.

"For heads of state, it is actually a much better use of their strategic thinking," Figueres said.

In Paris, the two signature goals â€" the 1.5 C limit and net zero carbon emissions by 2050 â€" were created by this leaders-first process, Figueres said. In the unsuccessful 2009 Copenhagen meeting, the leaders swooped in at the end.

Who's not there

Thousands lined up in a chilly wind in Glasgow on Monday to get through a bottleneck at the entrance to the venue. But what will be noticeable are a handful of major absences at the summit.

Xi Jinping, president of top carbon-polluting country China, won't be in Glasgow. Figueres said his absence isn't that big a deal because he isn't leaving the country during the pandemic and his climate envoy is a veteran negotiator.

In a written statement delivered at the summit on Monday, Xi called on all parties to take stronger action to jointly tackle the climate challenge, China's official Xinhua news agency reported.

The Chinese president also urged developed countries to not only do more but also support developing nations to do 
better on climate change, Xinhua said. 

WATCH | World leaders lay out goals for climate summit: World leaders lay out goals for COP26 climate summit16 hours agoThe COP26 climate summit has started in Glasgow, with world leaders, including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, arriving for days of intense negotiations aimed at limiting global warming and the effects of climate change. 2:04

Biden, however, has chided China and Russia for their less-than-ambitious efforts to curb emissions and blamed them for a disappointing G20 statement on climate change.

Perhaps more troublesome for the UN summit is the absence of several small countries from the Pacific islands that couldn't make it because of COVID-19 restrictions and logistics. That's a big problem because their voices relay urgency, Figueres said.

In addition, the heads of several major emerging economies beyond China are also skipping the summit, including those from Russia, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil and South Africa. That leaves India's Modi the only leader present from the so-called BRICS countries, which account for more than 40 per cent of global emissions.

Kevin Conrad, a negotiator from Papua New Guinea who also chairs the Coalition for Rainforest Nations, said he's watching the big carbon-polluting countries. "I think it's really important for the United States and China to show leadership as the two largest emitters. If both of them can show it can be done, I think they give hope to the rest of the world," he said.

$100B in climate aid eyed

Increased warming over coming decades would melt much of the planet's ice, raise global sea levels and greatly increase the likelihood and intensity of extreme weather, scientists say. With every tenth of a degree of warming, the dangers soar faster, they say.

The other goals for the meeting are for rich nations to give poor nations $100 billion US a year in climate aid and to reach an agreement to spend half of the money to adapt to worsening climate impacts.

But Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley, speaking for vulnerable island nations, warned on Monday negotiators are falling short.

"This is immoral and it is unjust," Mottley said. "Are we so blinded and hardened that we can no longer appreciate the cries of humanity?"

Before the UN climate summit, the G20 leaders, at the close of their meeting, offered vague climate pledges instead of commitments of firm action, saying they would seek carbon neutrality "by or around mid-century." The countries also agreed to end public financing for coal-fired power generation abroad, but set no target for phasing out coal domestically â€" a clear nod to China and India.

The G20 countries represent more than three-quarters of the world's climate-damaging emissions and G20 summit host Italy, and Britain, which is hosting the Glasgow conference, had been hoping for more ambitious targets coming out of Rome.

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